Holocene climate change and human diet
The glaciers did not return, but game and plant materials would have been scarce. In recent decades, international connectivity has increased on many fronts, including the flow of information, movements of people, trading patterns, the flow of capital, regulatory systems, and cultural diffusion. As Earth entered a warming trend, the glaciers of the late Paleolithic retreated. 13 Where unplanned pregnancy rates remain high (e. A population will generally expand until it reaches the carrying capacity, the maximum number of individuals an environment can support without detrimental effects, at which time it will level off. The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century allowed human populations to grow exponentially. Furthermore, at the current level of global connectedness and interdependence, the environmental impact of human activity has a wider geographic range, although its influence may be offset somewhat by more effective global alerts and more rapid distribution of food aid. Remediating or adapting to these changes requires an understanding of dynamic systems, their complexity and associated uncertainties, and coordinated policy responses across relevant sectors. The Holocene Epoch began 12,000 to 11,500 years ago at the close of the Paleolithic Ice Age and continues through today. Some additional increase in the world population is inevitable in countries with high fertility rates, given the demographic flywheel momentum of populations weighted toward the young. Domestication of sheep, goats and cattle began at about the same time. In these latter circumstances, fertility rates tend to remain high. The Holocene Epoch is the current period of geologic time. D.
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Farming seems to have gotten a later start in Asia. Furthermore, the negative-feedback loop of excessive population pressure on regional environments (involving soil exhaustion, water depletion, and the loss of various wild animal and plant food species) not only exacerbates various ongoing worldwide environmental and ecologic changes but also entrenches conditions of poverty and disadvantage. As the climate changed, the very large mammals that had adapted to extreme cold, like mammoth and wooly rhinoceros, became extinct. Another term that is sometimes used is the Anthropocene Epoch, because its primary characteristic is the global changes caused by human activity. As temperatures began to rebound, human population began to increase and we began inventing the processes that would change the planet forever. 2 The processes of global change are more systemic, involving disruption or depletion (not merely local pollution). , humans began to sidestep these restraints. Effects of Globalization on Population Health Global influences on population health such as those described above transcend the more specific, focused frame within which international health issues are addressed. Evidence indicates that about 10,800 years ago, the climate underwent a sharp cold turn lasting for several years. Meanwhile, moderate gains have been made in facilitating education for girls, although progress in this, as well as in the provision of adequate education about reproduction and reproductive choice, remains slow in many low-income countries. Review Article Global Health Globalization, Climate Change, and Human Health Anthony J. Until the advent of agriculture and urbanization, the human population was largely limited by the same factors that limit other living organisms. In Central and South America, the most commonly domesticated plants were maize, bottle gourds, squash and beans. Beginning about the first century A. Continued expansion beyond the carrying capacity generally results in a crash (a rapid decline to a level far below the carrying capacity).
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